The article is devoted to the activities of the department of public health and healthcare of the Belarusian State Medical University for a hundred years. The main directions of development and achievements of the department in the field of public health and healthcare are described.

The stages and periods of activity of the department of public health and healthcare are shown. The stages and periods of activity of the department of public health and healthcare, which included: pre-war (1924–1941), military (1943–1945), post-war (1945–1978), transitional – in the conditions of socio-economic transformations (1978–1995; 1995–2010), modern period (since 2010). 2 scientific and pedagogical schools – public health and healthcare, history of medicine – are described. The contribution of the collective at each stage of the historical development of the department of public health and healthcare is shown.

The scientific and educational potential of the department is described, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of public health and healthcare, training of specialists in public health and healthcare, in realization of the state policy in the field of public health protection of the population of the country.

The article is devoted to Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko (September 8 (20) 1874 – May 18, 1949) – a doctor, Soviet party and government figure, one of the organizers of the healthcare system of the Soviet Union known worldwide as “the system of Semashko”. N. A. Semashko was the first people’ s commissar of the healthcare of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR) (1918–1930); academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944) and the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR (1945). A broad outlook, excellent medical education received at the leading universities of the Russian Empire – Moscow and Kazan, experience in revolutionary work, work in providing medical care to the population in various conditions allowed N. A. Semashko to become the leading organizer of healthcare in the Soviet Union. The operating principles of the “Semashko system” have received well-deserved recognition from the world community and are being implemented to one degree or another by healthcare in all countries.

It is impossible to overestimate the contribution of N. A. Semashko to the creation of management systems for Soviet healthcare, protection of the health of women and children, and preventive work; medical science and medical education. Having begun his medical education at Moscow University, N. A. Semashko returned there 30 years later to create the leading department of the university dealing with problems of social hygiene. Key words: doctor, healthcare, system, health, people’s commissar.

The article is devoted to the study of incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders in the population of the Republic of Belarus in dynamics. The dynamics of incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders in the population for 2013–2022 was analyzed. Trends in the dynamics of incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders of the population were determined.

From 2013 to 2022, the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders of the population decreased by 6 % and by 8 %. The dynamics of incidence of the population with mental and behavioral disorders was characterized by a moderate down ward trend, the average long-term rate of decline was – 0.7 %. The dynamics of prevalence of the population with mental and behavioral disorders was also characterized by a moderate downward trend (the average long-term rate of decline was – 0.9 %). Modern trends in the development of society, changes of mental health of the population, introduction of modern approaches and technologies of medical care require the development of a patient-oriented system of organization of psychiatric care.

This article assesses the morbidity of bronchial asthma in children living in urban areas, depending on the quality of atmospheric air. The assessment of the degree of atmospheric air pollution was carried out for each of 10 pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, acrolein, benzene, xylenes, carbon monoxide, phenol, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde) and using complex indicators – according to the value of the complex pollution indicator “P” and comprehensive air pollution index. The results obtained indicate the need for constant monitoring of the health status of children living in these areas, and the quality of atmospheric air.

Possession of objective and accurate information about the number of workers engaged in work in harmful conditions associated with the impact on the body of certain adverse factors is necessary for the rational organization of labor protection, prevention of economic losses and reduction in the quality of life of workers. In connection with the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in the number of the population of the Republic of Belarus working in harmful conditions and receiving compensation for working conditions in the period from 2012 to 2022.

It was found that the number of workers working in harmful conditions from 2012 to 2022 was characterized by a moderate downward trend, while there is no statistically significant dynamics of the total number of people employed in the economy.

The most common factors negatively affecting the health of people employed in the economy of the Republic of Belarus were noise, as well as heavy physical and strenuous labor.

The prevalence of such factors as gassiness, strenuous work, dust and ionizing radiation decreased at the fastest rate.

As compensation for work in conditions harmful to health, additional vacation and increased pay were most often used.

The article examines the main aspects of the demographic situation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period 2000–2023, and analyzes the causes and consequences of demographic problems. In recent years, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has faced demographic changes influenced by many factors, including economic instability, social problems, changes in mentality and other reasons. An assessment of the population dynamics in the period from 2020 to 2023 is made, an analysis of the birth rate, mortality and natural population growth is presented. The reasons for the decline in the birth rate and the increase in mortality are considered. The distribution of the population by gender, age and territorial characteristics is shown. The article examines state programs aimed at stimulating the birth rate and solving demographic problems. It presents measures aimed at improving the demographic situation, developing human capital, which is developing due to the high level and availability of education, health care, and physical education.

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of mortality in Belarus as a subject of study. The results of scientific works by doctors and medical scientists on the mortality rate of the population of Belarus of the XIX–XXI centuries are presented, attention is paid to the establishment of a link between demographic indicators and socioeconomic living conditions. The focus of the research is on the evolution of publications, monographs, textbooks and scientific and practical events dedicated to the mortality of the population. The objects of study were authentic manuscripts, studies, documents identified in library collections and archival collections of Belarus and abroad. Within the framework of the discourse analysis, key attention is paid to the driving forces, methodological approaches, tools and trends in the domestic experience of studying population mortality. Numerous facts are presented indicating that the demographic studies of medical scientists and doctors were in line with global trends and contained in-depth analysis and original ideas. The article is aimed at restoring the completeness of the scientific and methodological approaches to studying population mortality in different historical epochs, updating the results of interdisciplinary research to the existing realities of domestic experience, preserving the continuity of medical traditions, socio-cultural adaptation of accumulated scientific and medical practices to personalized medicine of the XXI century.

The article analyses the effectiveness of cancer screening and early detection within the framework of the State Programme «People's Health and Demographic Security» for 2021–2025, with a special emphasis on comparing the results of Gomel region with the rest of the country. The programme aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms, which is an important component of the national sustainable development strategy. The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of cancer screening and early detection measures in Gomel region and compare them with similar indicators in other regions of the Republic of Belarus. The work used methods of statistical analysis of data on morbidity and mortality from various types of cancer based on official medical statistics for the period from 2012 to 2023. Special attention was paid to the indicators of one-year mortality and detection rates of breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer. The results of the study showed that Gomel region demonstrates high rates of early cancer detection compared to other regions of Belarus. However, there are significant variations in one-year mortality rates, which requires further analysis and adaptation of screening and early detection strategies. Medical, financial, organisational and legal risks have also been identified as significant factors affecting the success of the programme. The study confirms the need to continue to develop and improve cancer screening and early detection systems, taking into account regional specificities. It is recommended to ensure sufficient funding and implementation of advanced technologies, as well as to increase the level of education and awareness of medical professionals and the population. These measures will help to minimise organisational and legal barriers, which will ultimately lead to improved health indicators of the population of the Republic of Belarus.

The organization of medical care for athletes with disabilities is described. The main types of medical care available to persons with disabilities participating in the Paralympic and Deaflympic Games at the present stage are considered. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that existing models of organizing medical care for disabled athletes in various countries are mainly aimed at providing primary and emergency medical care during training sessions and mass sports events in elite sports. A number of scientific publications have established that among the main problems of disabled athletes that limit professional success are barriers to organizing training and competitions for this contingent of athletes, ensuring accessibility of medical care, imperfection of the legal regulation of issues of disabled sports. The current situation requires the development of an optimal model for organizing medical care for athletes with disabilities.

The article presents an analysis of the need for psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care in the Russian Federation. The COVID-19 pandemic and the post-COVID syndrome, modern socio-political events led to an increase in the level of neuroticism of the population and an increase in its anxiety and depression, which was confirmed by a survey of those who applied for the help of a psychotherapist. As part of the study, it was found that patients periodically experience anxiety, anxiety or fear, observe a lowered mood, increased irritability, and increased fatigue. Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that there is a general increase in the need and relevance of psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care. The possibility of receiving psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care as part of inpatient treatment allows you to: significantly reduce the level of situational anxiety of the patient, increase compliance, form adherence to treatment and a healthy lifestyle, correct existing emotional and personal characteristics and disorders (disturbances in mood, sleep, anxiety, chronic pain) within the underlying disease, etc. The provision of psychological assistance aims to maintain mental and psychophysiological well-being and work with newly emerging negative emotional experiences: fear, guilt, anger, helplessness, etc. Achieving this goal determines a significant decrease in the likelihood of various delayed consequences in patients

Key management functions in the healthcare system, such as forecasting, planning, analysis and motivation, based on analytical information about the health status of the population. The wide use of health indicators in healthcare management presented: when developing an industry development strategy, plans and target programs; when analyzing the effectiveness of the functioning of the healthcare system; when developing a set of measures to motivate managers and specialists of medical organizations to achieve their goals. Described methodology of accounting and analysis of public health indicators based on a systematic approach. Monitoring of the health status of the population mainly entrusted to medical professionals. At the same time, the State does not have the right to hold the health system responsible for the deterioration of public health indicators caused by the lifestyle of a particular person and/or his environment.

The article is devoted to the study of the level and causes of traumatism in the sports contingent of the Republic of Belarus. The problems of accounting, analysis and monitoring of this area of work are considered, the causes of sports injury are analyzed. The authors proposed the model of organization of the system of accounting, analysis and monitoring of sports injury, based on the creation of the “Sports injury register” with the use of digital technologies (“Electronic card of the athlete”), based on a unified process of collection, processing and analysis of information about the injuries and their causes, and ensuring the quality improvement of the organization of medical support of athletes. The developed system allows standardizing approaches in this area, including unification of reporting forms, organization of interdepartmental interaction and introduction of digital technologies in the collection, processing and analysis of information. The proposed system is aimed at reducing the controllable causes of sports injury cases, developing methods of medical prevention, reducing the attrition of promising reserve group athletes and reducing economic expenditures.

At present, it remains relevant to study organizational approaches to the formation of the structure of a program set of measures to improve the quality of medical care in a military health organization, which would identify areas of activity that would allow combining the necessary set of elements for managing the quality of medical care to achieve a certain goal in the interests of improving the quality of medical care. The program package of measures to improve the quality of medical care (Program), which is approved by the head of the military health organization, should contain several sections. The section «General Provisions» includes a justification for the need to develop the Program, its brief description, a list of documents, regulatory legal acts on the basis of which the development of the Program was carried out, the timing of its implementation, the procedure and conditions for making changes. The section «Assessment of the quality of medical care for patients» should be disclosed. The section «Assessment of the quality of medical care for patients» should disclose the results of the organization's work and reveal problematic issues of the quality of medical care, which are specified in the section «Goals, objectives and key indicators.» The most important Program information is contained in the Health Care Quality Plan section, which details all activities that provide an organizational function to accomplish the goals and objectives of the Program. The Program is completed by the section «Implementation of the Program and monitoring of its implementation,» which regulates the system of work of officials of the military health organization to ensure the control function in managing the quality of medical care.

Health technology assessment (HTA) is a relevant scientific and practical area for formalizing and substantiating the selection of optimal approaches to disease management in the healthcare environment of a particular country.

Objectives: to analyze the structure and formulate prospects for the HTA development in the Republic of Belarus. Methods. The search and analysis of regulatory legal acts in the Republic of Belarus regulating the study, examination and selection of HTA for budget financing was performed. Formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical; formal-legal, systemic research methods were used. Results. There is no single regulatory legal act integrating all aspects of HTA in the Republic of Belarus. The Law “On Healthcare” in Article 37³ “Clinical and Economic (Pharmacoeconomic) Expertise” defines the legislative basis for the implementation of expert work in the HTA field. Conducting clinical and economic studies is determined by separate regulatory documents devoted to the implementation of specific methods. The key structure of the HTA system is the Republican Formulary Commission. The objects of HTA may be not only medicines, but also medical devices, vaccines, cellular technologies, various medical interventions (surgical, rehabilitation, preventive), systems used to protect and maintain human health, information and organizational technologies, government programs. Conclusion. HTA is a tool for supporting informed management decisions aimed at increasing the efficiency of using healthcare resources, improving medical care planning, providing medicines, medical devices, equipment and an element of the health care quality management system.

Student science is an integral part of the training of future doctors.

The purpose of the study is to assess the motivation of students to engage in scientific activities, to identify a reserve for strengthening students’ commitment to study in student scientific clubs.

A descriptive study was conducted of students' propensity to engage in scientific work in student scientific clubs. The scope of the study was 206 respondents – students of the Belarusian State Medical University, 1^st, 3^rd, 4^th year.

The work used sociological and statistical methods. On the topic of the study, a questionnaire was developed that included questions about the experience of research work, motivation for research activities, preferences and opinions about what may hinder the pursuit of science in student scientific clubs.

Based on the results of the survey, it was found that only 20.9 % of students had experience in participating in writing scientific papers. Student scientific clubs have a large potential audience: 58.8 % of students indicated that the main obstacle to participating in a student scientific club was organizational problems (time). The most attractive for students are studies conducted at clinical sites (81.8 %). Students in most cases are ready to work in a team and share tasks when carrying out research with their co-author (99.0 %). 64.3 % of respondents do not exclude scientific activity as a possible career development option.

The review is dedicated to the history of the histology, cytology and embryology department during 1952–1969. Information about the head of department prof Milenkov S. M., about main directions of the scientific and educational activity is provided.