RISK FACTORS FOR CERVICAL SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS IN EARLY REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Introduction. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions associated with high-risk human papillomavirus represent a significant concern in gynecological practice. Investigating the risk factors for this pathology is essential for improving methods of prevention and early diagnosis.
Objective: to assess the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and to identify the risk factors for this pathology in women of early reproductive age.
Materials and Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2020 to 2025 at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Advanced Training and Retraining at the Belarusian State Medical University, in cooperation with the 1st City Clinical Hospital in Minsk. The study included 186 women aged 18–35 years with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial lesions. The participants were divided into two groups: group 1 – 102 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), group 2 – 84 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). A comprehensive analysis of anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory data was carried out.
Results. It was established that early onset of sexual activity, smoking, frequent change of sexual partners, a history of induced abortions, and the use of coitus interruptus as a contraceptive method are significant risk factors (p < 0,001) for the development of highgrade cervical intraepithelial lesions. Statistically significant associations were also found with a family history of cervical cancer (p = 0,015), as well as comorbidities of the digestive and respiratory systems (p < 0,001). Particular attention is warranted by the identified association of HSIL with HPV type 16 (p < 0,001), chlamydial infection (p = 0,042), and recurrent vaginitis (p < 0,001).

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