REACTIVE CHANGES IN CELLS AND TISSUES DURING IMPLANTATION OF A MESH PROSTHESIS FOR HERNIOPLASTY WITH A BIODEGRADABLE COATING IN THE EXPERIMENT

An experimental evaluation of cellular and tissue responses was conducted following implantation of a commercial hernia repair mesh prosthesis and its modification with a developed biodegradable coating.

Twenty-four Wistar rats participated in the experiment. The animals were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 30, and 60 postoperatively. Modification of the polypropylene mesh prosthesis with a biodegradable coating based on a polyvinyl chitosan complex with gentamicin resulted in a more favorable tissue response compared to the commercial prosthesis without a coating.

The degree of maturity of the capsule around the implant was higher in the experimental group at all observation periods. On the 7th day of the experiment, maturing granulation tissue was detected in animals in both the control and experimental groups. Collagen fibers along the periphery of the implant formed capsule-like structures. The number of macrophages was statistically significantly lower in the experimental group (p < 0.001). A higher number of fibroblasts was detected in the experimental group (p = 0.026). On the 14th day, a statistically significant decrease in the number of neutrophils (p = 0.002) and lymphocytes (p < 0.001), as well as plasma cells (p < 0.001) was observed in the experimental group, indicating a more rapid resolution of inflammation and a reduced humoral immune response. On days 14–30, a significantly higher number of fibrocytes (p < 0.001) and fibroblasts was observed, contributing to the formation of mature connective tissue. By the 60th day, the inflammatory infiltrate was completely absent in the experimental group, while single lymphocytes, plasma cells, and giant multinucleated cells remained in the control group. The study revealed patterns of tissue formation in response to mesh implantation. A modified polypropylene prosthesis with a developed biodegradable coating demonstrated a lower degree of inflammatory response and promoted the formation of more mature connective tissue compared to uncoated samples.

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