COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM

Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders are a central and often defining element in the structure of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, directly affecting patients’ ability to social and professional functioning. The purpose of this work was a comprehensive analysis of current scientific ideas about the nature, diagnosis and correction of cognitive deficit within the framework of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study is based on a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign publications, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical guidelines for the period 2012–2025. The results show that cognitive impairments are highly prevalent (75–85 % of patients) and significantly heterogeneous. To date, four main cognitive subtypes have been identified: those with global cognitive deficits (25–30 %), those with isolated executive dysfunction (25–35 %), those with reduced information processing speed (20–30 %), and those with minimal cognitive impairments (15–25 %). The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) is commonly used as a “gold standard” for objectively assessing cognitive impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Among the treatment methods, cognitive remediation has the most proven effectiveness, demonstrating a consistent, albeit moderate, positive impact. In conclusion, this article emphasizes the need to transition to personalized rehabilitation strategies that integrate the traditions of Russian pathopsychology with modern international diagnostic and therapeutic standards.

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