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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2026.4.26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема дисбиоза глотки при хроническом фарингите и тонзиллите</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE PROBLEM OF PHARYNGEAL DYSBIOSIS IN CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS AND TONSILLITIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еременко</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaromenka</surname><given-names>Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова-Ткаченко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastakova-Tkachenka</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр оториноларингологии»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republic Scientific and Practical Center of Otorhinolaryngology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Еременко Ю.Е., Шестакова-Ткаченко Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Еременко Ю.Е., Шестакова-Ткаченко Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yaromenka Y., Shastakova-Tkachenka K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/469">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/469</self-uri><abstract><p>Изолированная или ассоциированная с признаками ОРВИ боль в горле выступает ведущей причиной обращений к врачам общей практики, педиатрам, оториноларингологам. Боль в горле длительностью более 14 дней расценивается как хроническая и в большинстве случаев является следствием развития хронической воспалительной патологии глотки: фарингита или тонзиллита.</p><p>Нормальная микробиота глотки служит барьером против патогенов и необходима для поддержания здоровья дыхательной системы. Когда респираторный микробиом становится несбалансированным – развивается дисбиоз. Определение того, является ли дисбиоз глотки фактором риска рецидивирования или хронизации патологического процесса, представляет собой социальный и экономический интерес. Целью обзорной статьи является анализ роли дисбиоза глотки в развитии хронического фарингита и/или хронического тонзиллита.</p><p>Для изучения результатов научных исследований по проблеме дисбиоза глотки использованы наукометрические базы данных Pubmed, Scopus, Web of science, eLibrary. Ключевыми словами для поиска необходимой информации явились: «микробиом глотки», «дисбиоз глотки», «хронический фарингит», «хронический тонзиллит». Все изученные литературные источники опубликованы в 2020–2025 годах.</p><p>Путем анализа литературных данных установлено, что хронические воспалительные заболевания глотки обусловлены не только патогенами, но и сложным балансом между ними, комменсальной микробиотой и иммунным ответом. Данные исследований микробиома глотки подчеркивают важность применения комплексных, ориентированных на пациента стратегий диагностики, лечения и медицинской профилактики – коррекции микробиома глотки, что является перспективным направлением с учетом возрастающей проблемы антибиотикорезистентности во всем мире.</p><p>Мы предполагаем, что более глубокие фундаментальные знания о составе микробиома глотки и его сложных бактериальных сообществ дадут понимание того, почему у одних людей происходит развитие хронических заболеваний глотки, а других – нет.</p><p>Определения ключевых терминов:</p><p>микробиота – совокупность всех микроорганизмов определенной области;</p><p>микробиом – совокупность микроорганизмов, их генов и факторов среды определенной области; дисбиоз – дисбаланс условно-патогенных и комменсальных бактерий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A sore throat, whether as the sole symptom or in combination with other symptoms of acute respiratory infections, is the most common reason for consulting general practitioners, paediatricians and ENT specialists. A sore throat lasting longer than 14 days is classified as chronic and, in most cases, is the result of a chronic inflammatory condition of the throat: pharyngitis or tonsillitis.</p><p>A healthy throat microbiota acts as a barrier against pathogens and is essential for maintaining respiratory health. When the respiratory microbiome becomes unbalanced, dysbiosis develops.</p><p>Determining whether pharyngeal dysbiosis is a risk factor for recurrence or chronicity of the pathological process is of social and economic interest. The aim of this review article is to analyse the role of pharyngeal dysbiosis in the development of chronic pharyngitis and/or chronic tonsillitis. To examine the results of scientific research on pharyngeal dysbiosis, we used the scientometric databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and e-Library. The keywords used to search for the necessary information were: «pharyngeal microbiome», «pharyngeal dysbiosis», «chronic pharyngitis» and «chronic tonsillitis.» All articles reviewed were published between 2020 and 2025.</p><p>An analysis of the literature has shown that chronic inflammatory diseases of the pharynx are caused not only by pathogens, but also by a complex balance between them, the commensal microbiota and the immune response. Findings from studies of the oropharyngeal microbiome highlight the importance of adopting comprehensive, patient-centred strategies for diagnosis, treatment and medical prevention – specifically, the modulation of the oropharyngeal microbiome – which represents a promising avenue of research given the growing global problem of antibiotic resistance.</p><p>We believe that a deeper fundamental understanding of the composition of the pharyngeal microbiome and its complex bacterial communities will shed light on why some people develop chronic pharyngeal conditions whilst others do not.</p><p>Definitions:</p><p>microbiota is the composition of all microorganisms in a particular area;</p><p>microbiome is the collection of microorganisms, their genes and environmental factors in a particular area;</p><p>dysbiosis is an imbalance of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>хронический фарингит</kwd><kwd>хронический тонзиллит</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>хронические воспалительные заболевания глотки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>chronic pharyngitis</kwd><kwd>chronic tonsillitis</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>chronic inflammatory diseases of the pharynx</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Роль топической терапии в комплексном лечении тонзиллофарингитов у детей / Т. 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