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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2026.1.121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-407</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛОДОМУ УЧЁНОМУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TO THE YOUNG SCIENTIST</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Статистические гипотезы при проведении медико-биологических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistical hypotheses in biomedical research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasava</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мороз И.Н., Власова С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мороз И.Н., Власова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Moroz I.N., Vlasava S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/407">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/407</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены теоретические основы проведения медико-биологических исследований, включая важнейшие вопросы их планирования, связанные с проверкой статистических гипотез. Описаны классификация статистических гипотез, статистических критериев, этапы проверки гипотез, основанных на оценке статических критериев. Дана характеристика ошибкам 1-го и 2-го типа, статистической мощности, статическим критериям, которые могут использоваться для проверки гипотез о законах распределения данных. Показано, что выбор статического критерия проверки статистической гипотезы зависит от цели и задач исследования, дизайна, типа переменной и распределения данных, количества выборочных совокупностей и числа наблюдений в них, мощности самого статистического критерия, позволяющего выявлять различия или отклонять нулевую гипотезу.</p><p>Цель данной статьи заключается в попытке продемонстрировать необходимость проверки статистических гипотез на различных этапах проведения медико-биологических исследований, применяемых в доказательной медицине. Показана важность определения оптимального числа наблюдений изучаемой группы на этапе планирования исследования с учетом статистической мощности и ошибок 1-го и 2-го типа, обеспечивающие правомочность результатов проверки гипотез. Надеемся, что данная статья поможет исследователям осуществлять научно обоснованное планирование исследования, корректно использовать статистические критерии для анализа и интерпретации полученных результатов, основанных на проверке статистической гипотезы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the theoretical foundations of conducting medical and biological research, including the most important issues of their planning related to testing statistical hypotheses. The classification of statistical hypotheses, statistical criteria and stages of testing hypotheses based on the assessment of statistical criteria are described. The characteristics of type 1 and type 2 errors, statistical power, and statistical criteria that can be used to test hypotheses about the data distribution laws are given. It is shown that the choice of a statistical criterion for testing a statistical hypothesis depends on the purpose and objectives of the study, design, type of variable and data distribution, the number of sample populations and the number of observations in them, the power of the statistical criterion itself, which allows identifying differences or rejecting the null hypothesis.</p><p>The aim of this article is to attempt to demonstrate the need for testing statistical hypotheses at various stages of biomedical research used in evidence-based medicine. The importance of determining the optimal number of observations of the study group at the stage of research planning is shown, taking into account statistical power and errors of the 1st and 2nd types, ensuring the validity of the results of hypothesis testing. We hope that this article will help researchers to plan the study, correctly use statistical criteria for the analysis and interpretation of the obtained results based on the testing of the statistical hypothesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>статистическая гипотеза</kwd><kwd>статистическая значимость</kwd><kwd>уровень значимости</kwd><kwd>ошибки 1-го и 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>статистическая мощность</kwd><kwd>параметрические и непараметрические критерии проверки гипотезы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>statistical hypothesis</kwd><kwd>statistical significance</kwd><kwd>confidence level</kwd><kwd>type 1 and type 2 errors</kwd><kwd>statistical power</kwd><kwd>parametric and nonparametric hypothesis testing criteria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская статистика: учебник; под ред. В. И.Кувакина, В. В. 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