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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2025.2.134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE FROM PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тромбоз механического протеза клапанов сердца – проблемы диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thrombosis of mechanical prosthetic heart valves – problems of diagnosis and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнелюк</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnialiuk</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексейчик</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliakseychik</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержинский</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhinsky</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinagradava</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>УЗ «10-я городская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр “Кардиология”»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнелюк И.В., Алексейчик С.Е., Вержинский С.В., Виноградова И.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнелюк И.В., Алексейчик С.Е., Вержинский С.В., Виноградова И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karnialiuk I., Aliakseychik S., Verzhinsky S., Vinagradava I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/312">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/312</self-uri><abstract><p>Основными причинами дисфункции механического клапана являются: 1) тромбоз; 2) фиброзное врастание паннуса; 3) инфекционный эндокардит. Клинико-диагностические критерии для выявления причины дисфункции протеза включают сроки и скорость развития дисфункции, наличие признаков системного воспаления (СРБ, ревматоидный фактор, положительный посев крови) или, наоборот, недостаточной антикоагуляции и наличия тромбоза (низкое МНО, повышение уровня Д-димеров). Актуальные способы лечения тромбоза протеза включают: 1) оптимизацию антикоагулянтной терапии; 2) тромболизис; 3) транскатетерные манипуляции и 4) хирургическое репротезирование клапана. Дана сравнительная характеристика хирургического и тромболитического методов восстановления функции клапанов. Ранее основным методом лечения обструктивного тромбоза было повторное хирургическое вмешательство. Однако благодаря современным успехам фармакологии возрастает актуальность медикаментозной тромботической терапии тромбоза протеза клапана. В частности, рекомендации Американского колледжа кардиологов/ Американской сердечной ассоциации 2020 года предлагают альтернативный подход к этим методам в зависимости от клинических факторов, степени обструкции клапана, сопутствующих заболеваний и гемодинамического статуса пациента. Освещены факторы, влияющие на выбор метода ведения пациентов с тромбозом протеза клапана. Материал проиллюстрирован случаем успешного тромболизиса у пациента с тромбозом аортального и митрального клапанов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main causes of mechanical valve dysfunction are: 1) thrombosis; 2) fibrous ingrowth of pannus; 3) infective endocarditis. Clinical and diagnostic criteria for identifying the cause of prosthesis dysfunction include the timing and rate of development of dysfunction, the presence of signs of systemic inflammation (CRP, rheumatoid factor, positive blood culture) or, conversely, insufficient anticoagulation and thrombosis (low INR, increased levels of D-dimers). Current methods of treating prosthetic thrombosis include: 1) optimization of anticoagulant therapy; 2) thrombolysis; 3) transcatheter manipulations; and 4) surgical valve replacement. A comparative description of surgical and thrombolytic methods of restoring valve function is given. Previously the main method of treating obstructive thrombosis was repeated surgery. However, thanks to modern advances in pharmacology, the relevance of drug thrombotic therapy for prosthetic valve dysfunction is increasing. For instance, the 2020 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines suggest an alternative approach to these techniques depending on clinical factors, degree of valve obstruction, comorbidities, and hemodynamic status of the patient. Factors influencing the choice of management method for patients with prosthetic valve thrombosis are highlighted. The material is illustrated by a case of successful thrombolysis in a patient with thrombosis of the aortic and mitral valves.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисфункция механических клапанов сердца</kwd><kwd>тромбоз протеза клапана</kwd><kwd>системный тромболизис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysfunction of mechanical heart valves</kwd><kwd>prosthetic valve thrombosis</kwd><kwd>systemic thrombolysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease / C. M. Otto [et al.] // Journal of American College of Cardiology. – 2021. – Vol. 77, № 4. – P. e25–e197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease / C. M. 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