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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2025.1.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные аспекты релаксации диафрагмы у детей: патофизиология, клиника, лечение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE MAIN ASPECTS OF DIAPHRAGM EVENTRATION IN CHILDREN: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINIC, TREATMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алесин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alesin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярёв</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyarev</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махлин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhlin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линник</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linnik</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр детской хирургии</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алесин Е.А., Дегтярёв Ю.Г., Махлин А.М., Линник Ю.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алесин Е.А., Дегтярёв Ю.Г., Махлин А.М., Линник Ю.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alesin E.A., Degtyarev Y.G., Makhlin A.M., Linnik Y.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/292">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье проведен литературный обзор, посвященный анатомии, физиологии, диагностике и  лечению  релаксации  диафрагмы  у  детей.  Различают  врождённый и приобретенный варианты патологии. Причиной развития врождённой релаксации диафрагмы является нарушение формирования её мышечного слоя. Основной причиной приобретенной релаксации диафрагмы является повреждение  диафрагмального нерва во время проведения операций по коррекции врождённых пороков сердца (ВПС), при родовой травме или при катетеризации центральных вен. Травмы диафрагмального нерва, сопровождающиеся  релаксацией  диафрагмы,  отмечаются  после кардиохирургических операций с частотой от 0,3 % до 12,8 %. Частота вышеуказанного осложнения в РНПЦ детской хирургии Республики Беларусь составила: в 2021 году – 2,54 %; в 2022 году – 2,94 %; в 2023 году – 3,16 %. Рост числа релаксаций диафрагмы после кардиохирургических операций связан с увеличением в структуре оперативной активности количества сложных операций, а также числа повторных операций на сердце (рестернотомий).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a literature review on the anatomy, physiology, diagnosis and treatment of diaphragm eventration in children. There are congenital and acquired variants of pathology. The reason of congenital eventration development is a malformation of its muscle layer. The main reasons of obtained diaphragmatic eventration in children are damage of the phrenic nerve during surgical correction of congenital heart defects (CHD), birth trauma or catheterization of central veins. Injuries of the phrenic nerve, accompanied by diaphragm eventration, are registered after cardiac surgery with a 0.3 % to 12.8 % rate. The frequency of this complication in the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery (Belarus) was 2.54 % in 2021; 2.94 % in 2022; 3.16 % in 2023. The increase in the diaphragm eventration number after cardiac surgery is associated with an increase in the complex surgeries number in the structure of surgical activity, as well as the number of repeated heart operations (resternotomies).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>релаксация диафрагмы у детей</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение релаксации диафрагмы</kwd><kwd>френопластика</kwd><kwd>пликация диафрагмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diaphragm eventration in children</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment of diaphragm eventration</kwd><kwd>phrenoplastic</kwd><kwd>diaphragm plication</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паршин, В. Д. Хирургия релаксации диафрагмы / В. 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