medjournalМедицинский журналMedical Journal1818-426XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/1818-426X.2023.2.18medjournal-242Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИПервая помощь при тяжелом наружном кровотечении: актуализация рекомендаций и подходов к обучениюFirst aid in severe external bleeding: updated recommendations and approaches to traininЛемешевскийА. И.LemeschewskijA.

Минск

ЛемешевскаяС. С.LemeschewskayaS.

Минск

БовтюкН. Я.BautsiukM.

Минск

КлимукС. А.KlimukS.

Минск

ГинюкВ. А.HiniukV.

Минск

ЛемешевскийИ. А.LemeschewskijI.

Минск

ЧерненкоА. А.CharnenkaH.

Минск

ГинюкЭ. А.HiniukE.

Минск

УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»BelarusУЗ «3-я городская клиническая больница имени Е. В. Клумова»BelarusООО «Медицинский центр ЭЛАР»Belarus202320062025021823Copyright © Лемешевский А.И., Лемешевская С.С., Бовтюк Н.Я., Климук С.А., Гинюк В.А., Лемешевский И.А., Черненко А.А., Гинюк Э.А., 20252025Лемешевский А.И., Лемешевская С.С., Бовтюк Н.Я., Климук С.А., Гинюк В.А., Лемешевский И.А., Черненко А.А., Гинюк Э.А.Lemeschewskij A., Lemeschewskaya S., Bautsiuk M., Klimuk S., Hiniuk V., Lemeschewskij I., Charnenka H., Hiniuk E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/242

В статье представлен краткий обзор литературы по оказанию первой помощи при тяжелых наружных кровотечениях, проведен анализ возможных подходов к обучению. В обзоре учтены рекомендации Европейского совета по реанимации 2021 года, рекомендации Общества красного креста и красного полумесяца 2020 года по первой помощи, реанимации и обучению, Американской кардиологической ассоциации и Американского Красного Креста по первой помощи 2020 года, а также другие научные работы последних лет. Выделены новые изменения в международных рекомендациях в сравнении с предыдущими, дана их оценка. Акцентировано внимание на этапах обучения и требуемых для него условиях.

Сопоставлены международные рекомендации и собственный опыт преподавания первой помощи при наружном кровотечении для неспециалистов и специалистов. Определены ключевые компоненты алгоритма первой помощи. Даны практические рекомендации по оценке ситуации и комплектации аптечки, по обучению давлению на рану, применению коммерческого или импровизированного жгута, давящей и гемостатической повязки.

The article presents a short literature review of on first aid for severe external bleeding, and analyzes possible approaches to training. The review takes into account the recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council 2021 and the recommendations of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Society 2020 on first aid, resuscitation and education, American Heart Association and American Red Cross Focused Update for First Aid 2020, as well as other recent scientific papers on this topic. New changes in international recommendations in comparison with the previous ones are highlighted, their assessment is given. Special attention is given on the stages of training and the conditions required for it.

International recommendations and own experience in external bleeding first aid teaching for non-healthcare professionals and healthcare professional are compared. The key components of the first aid algorithm have been identified. Practical recommendations for assessing the situation and completing the first-aid kit, for training in pressure on the wound, the use of a commercial or improvised tourniquet, pressure and hemostatic bandage are given.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.