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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2023.1.33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Астроциты головного мозга человека: морфология и функции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Human brain astrocytes: morphology and functions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябцева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rjabceva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёник</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Siamionik</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботарь</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chabatar</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гузов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guzov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недзведь</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedzvedz</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГНУ «Институт физиологии НАН Беларуси»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рябцева С.Н., Семёник И.А., Корнеева М.А., Чеботарь А.О., Гузов С.А., Недзведь М.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рябцева С.Н., Семёник И.А., Корнеева М.А., Чеботарь А.О., Гузов С.А., Недзведь М.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rjabceva S.N., Siamionik I.A., Korneeva M.A., Chabatar A.O., Guzov S.A., Nedzvedz M.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/231">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/231</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен современный взгляд на функциональную активность астроцитов при физиологических процессах, описана морфологическая характеристика выделенных субпопуляций астроцитарных клеток центральной нервной системы человека: интерламинарных, протоплазматических, астроцитов с варикозными расширениями отростков (варикозных астроцитов), поляризованных и фибриллярных. Отличительной чертой интерламинарных астроцитов первого слоя коры головного мозга человека является наличие длинных отростков, проникающих в нижележащие слои неокортекса до IV кортикального слоя, и коротких отростков, которые формируют глиальную пиальную пластинку. Характерной особенностью протоплазматических астроцитов является широкая сильно разветвленная сеть коротких отростков и доменная организация. Поляризованные астроциты и астроциты с варикозными расширениями отростков, обнаруженные в V–VI слоях неокортекса, имеют длинные отростки, которые проникают в верхние слои неокортекса головного мозга человека, обеспечивая интерламинарную межклеточную взаимосвязь. В статье также отмечена клеточная специфичность иммуногистохимических маркеров, применяемых для визуализации астроцитов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a modern view on functional activities of astrocytes during physiological processes, describes the morphological characteristics of the isolated subpopulations of astrocytic cells of the human brain: interlaminar, protoplasmic, astrocytes with varicose projection (varicose astrocytes), polarized and fibrous. Interlaminar astrocytes of the I cortical layer of the human brain characterize by long processes that penetrate up to IV cortical layer, and short processes that form the glia pial limitans. A characteristic feature of protoplasmic astrocytes is a wide highly branched network of short processes and domain organization. Polarized astrocytes and astrocytes with with varicose projection, which found in V–VI cortical layers of neocortex, have long processes that penetrate into the upper cortical layers of human brain, providing interlaminar intercellular interconnection. The article also noted the cellular specificity of immunohistochemical markers used to visualize astrocytes.We noted the cellular specificity of immunohistochemical markers used for visualization of astrocytes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции и функции</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимические маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>astrocytes</kwd><kwd>subpopulations and functions</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemical markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andriezen, W. L. The neuroglia elements in the human brain // Br. 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