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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2023.1.54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-228</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полимиозит: новый взгляд на старую проблему</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polymyositis: a new look on an old problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сирош</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirosh</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сирош О.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сирош О.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sirosh O.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/228">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/228</self-uri><abstract><p>Идиопатические воспалительные миопатии представляют собой группу редких гетерогенных аутоиммунных заболеваний неизвестной этиологии, характеризующихся воспалительным поражением поперечнополосатой мускулатуры и кожи, а также развитием специфической органной патологии. История изучения идиопатических воспалительных миопатий насчитывает более 100 лет. Изначально данная группа заболеваний включала только 2 основных подтипа: дерматомизит и полимиозит. Последний представлял собой основной подтип миопатий, ему соответствовало 2/3 имеющихся на тот момент клинических описаний данной патологии. Открытие в конце ХХ века миозит-специфических и миозит-ассоциированных аутоантител позволило значительно расширить представления о патогенезе идиопатических воспалительных миопатий. Был доказан не только аутоиммунный генез миопатий, но и их иммунологическая гетерогенность, а также существование клинико-иммунологических подтипов.Сегодня, не имея серологических маркеров, поражения кожи и уникальной гистологической картины, полимиозит – это сложно диагностируемое заболевание, которое часто ошибочно может быть выставлено пациентам с другой патологией или подтипом идиопатических воспалительных миопатий. По мнению большинства экспертов, в настоящее время полимиозит представляет собой диагноз исключения и является самым редким подтипом идиопатических воспалительных миопатий, составляя не более 5 % среди всех случаев из данной группы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are the group of rare heterogeneous autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology, characterized by inflammatory lesions of the striated muscles and skin, as well as the development of specific organ pathology. The history of the study idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has more than 100 years. Initially, this group of diseases included only 2 main subtypes: dermatomysitis and polymyositis. The latter was the main subtype of myopathies, it corresponded to 2/3 of the clinical descriptions of this pathology available at that time. The discovery of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies at the end of the 20th century made it possible to significantly expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Not only the autoimmune genesis of myopathies was proven, but also their immunological heterogeneity, as well as the existence of clinical and immunological subtypes.Today, with no serological markers, no skin lesions, and no unique histological presentation, polymyositis is a difficult-to-diagnose disease that can often be misdiagnosed in patients with another pathology or subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. According to most experts, polymyositis is currently a diagnosis of exclusion and is the rarest subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, accounting to no more than 5 % of all cases in this group.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идиопатические воспалительные миопатии</kwd><kwd>полимиозит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>idiopathic inflammatory myopathies</kwd><kwd>polymyositis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антелава, О. А. Идиопатические воспалительные миопатии / О. А. Антелава, А. Н. Хитров, Е. Л. Насонов // Русский медицинский журнал. – 2007. – Т. 15, № 26. – С. 1951–1957.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antelava, O. A. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies / O. A. Antelava, A. N. Khitrov, E. L. 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