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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2023.4.58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование синонимичных кодонов в геноме вируса гепатита Е</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>synonymic codon’s usage in the hepatitis E virus genome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаворонок</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhavoronok</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Давыдов В.В., Жаворонок С.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыдов В.В., Жаворонок С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydov V.V., Zhavoronok S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/21">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/21</self-uri><abstract><p>Вирус гепатита Е (ВГЕ) является малоизученным патогеном, имеющий широкое распространение среди людей и животных. В геномах всех организмов существует предвзятость в использовании синонимичных кодонов. Мутации, генетический дрейф и естественный отбор являются основными факторами, определяющим смещение использования кодонов в геномах различных вирусов. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение систематической ошибки в использовании синонимичных кодонов в последовательностях РНК ВГЕ 1-го и 3-го генотипов, выделенных из организма разных хозяев. Исследованы 309 полных геномов ВГЕ, депонированных в базе данных GenBank NCBI (in silico). В последовательностях РНК открытых рамок считывания ОРС1, ОРС2 и ОРС3 изучен нуклеотидный состав, состав динуклеотидов, относительное использование синонимичных кодонов, проведен ENC-Plot анализ, анализ правила парности, рассчитано dN/dS-отношение. Установлено: GC состав последовательностей ВГЕ составляет 59,3 ± 0,52 %; в ОРС1 и ОРС2 в третьем положении кодона более предпочтительными являются 3T(U) или 3C, а в ОРС3 – 3C или 3G; в ОРС1 и ОРС2 динуклеотиды CpG и TpC недопредставлены, а TpG перепредставлены; в синонимичных кодонах ОРС2 выявлено U/A концевое смещение, в ОРС1 и ОРС2 – 3G или 3C; влияние трансляционного отбора на ВГЕ-1 более выражено, чем ВГЕ-3; предпочтения в использовании синонимичных кодонов в ОРС3 не зависит от действия трансляционного отбора; ведущим фактором эволюции ОРС1 и ОРС2 ВГЕ является отрицательный (очищающий) отбор; в ОРС3 ВГЕ-1 преобладают нейтрально отобранные сайты, что является следствием устоявшихся взаимоотношений между вирусом и хозяином.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a poorly understood pathogen that is widespread in humans and animals. In the genomes of all organisms, there is a bias in the use of synonymous codons. Mutations, genetic drift and natural selection are the main factors that determine codon usage bias in the genomes of viruses. The aim of this study was to study the systematic error in the use of synonymous codons in whole genome sequences of HEV RNA genotypes 1 and 3 isolated from different hosts. We studied 309 complete HEV genomes deposited in the GenBank NCBI database (in silico). In the sequences of open reading frames ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3, the nucleotide composition, the composition of dinucleotides, the relative use of synonymous codons were studied, ENC-Plot analysis and parity rule analysis was performed, the dN/dS ratio was calculated. Found: GC composition of HEV sequences is 59.3 ± 0.52 %; in ORF1 and ORF2 in the third codon position, 3T(U) or 3C is more preferred, and in ORF3 – 3C or 3G; in ORF1 and ORF2, CpG and TpC dinucleotides are underrepresented, while TpG are overrepresented; in the synonymous codons of ORF2, a U/A terminal shift was detected, in ORF1 and ORF2 – 3G or 3C; the effect of translational selection on HEV-1 is more pronounced than HEV-3; preference for the use of synonymous codons in ORF3 does not depend on the action of translational selection; the leading factor in the evolution of ORF1 and ORF2 HEV is negative (purifying) selection; neutrally selected sites predominate in ORF3 of HEV-1, which is a consequence of the established relationship between the virus and the host.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вирус гепатита Е</kwd><kwd>использование синонимичных кодонов</kwd><kwd>естественный отбор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hepatitis E virus</kwd><kwd>use of synonymous codons</kwd><kwd>natural selection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The characteristics of the synonymous codon usage in hepatitis B virus and the effects of host on the virus in codon usage pattern / M. 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