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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-426X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/1818-426X.2024.2.46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medjournal-104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные причины и факторы риска развития ольфакторной дисфункции у взрослых пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main causes and risk factors for the development of olfactory dysfunction in adult patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малец</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malets</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнелюк</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Кarnialiuk</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михелис</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhelis</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галинская</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galinskaya</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр оториноларингологии</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малец Е.Л., Корнелюк О.А., Михелис Е.Д., Галинская Е.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малец Е.Л., Корнелюк О.А., Михелис Е.Д., Галинская Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malets A.L., Кarnialiuk V.A., Mikhelis E.D., Galinskaya E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/104">https://medjournal.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/104</self-uri><abstract><p>Патология обоняния является междисциплинарной проблемой. Обонятельные нарушения полиэтиологичны и встречаются при самых различных заболеваниях. Однако с этими жалобами пациенты в первую очередь обращаются к врачам оториноларингологам. В статье описаны этиопатогенетические механизмы нарушений обоняния, выявлены следующие основные причины и факторы риска развития ольфакторной дисфункции у взрослых пациентов: болезни носа и околоносовых пазух; острые респираторные вирусные заболевания; травмы головы, носа; последствия хирургического лечения в полости носа и на околоносовых пазухах, внутричерепных операций; болезни нервной системы; болезни эндокринной системы и внутренних органов; интоксикации; прием лекарственных средств; курение; алкогольная и наркотическая зависимость, возраст старше 65 лет, метаболические нарушения. Механизм нарушения обонятельной функции определяется уровнем поражения обонятельного анализатора и является кондуктивным, сенсоневральным, центральным и смешанным. Хронические заболевания носа и околоносовых пазух являются наиболее частой причиной обонятельной дисфункции. Своевременное выявление обонятельных расстройств принципиально важно для ранней диагностики заболеваний, их вызывающих. Определение причин и факторов риска ольфакторных нарушений является важной задачей, поскольку помогает определить тактику лечения пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pathology of smell is an interdisciplinary problem. Olfactory disorders are polyetiological and occur in a wide variety of diseases. However, with these complaints, patients first turn to otolaryngologists. The article describes the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of olfactory disorders, identifying the following main causes and risk factors for the development of olfactory dysfunction in adult patients: diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses; acute respiratory viral diseases; head and nose injuries; consequences of surgical treatment in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, intracranial operations; diseases of the nervous system; diseases of the endocrine system and internal organs; intoxication; taking medications; smoking; alcohol and drug addiction, age over 65 years, metabolic disorders. The mechanism of disturbance of the olfactory function is determined by the level of damage to the olfactory analyzer and is conductive, sensorineural, central and mixed. Chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. Timely detection of olfactory disorders is fundamentally important for early diagnosis of the diseases that cause them. Determining the causes and risk factors of olfactory disorders is an important task, as it helps determine treatment tactics for patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обоняние</kwd><kwd>этиопатогенетические механизмы</kwd><kwd>причины обонятельной дисфункции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smell</kwd><kwd>etiopathogenetic mechanisms</kwd><kwd>causes of olfactory dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабияк, В. И. О медико-физиологической роли обонятельного и вкусового анализаторов / В. И. Бабияк, В. Н. Тулкин / Российская оториноларингология. – 2008. – Т. 33, № 2. – С. 14–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babiyak, V. I. O mediko-fiziologicheskoj roli obonyatel’nogo i vkusovogo analizatorov / V. I. Babiyak, V. N. 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